Leno-loom.



Pa-tented Sept. 9, i902.

No. 708,95l.

. E. H. BALLUU.

LEN() LOOM.

(Application led May 27` 190L 7 sheeffsheef i.

(No Model.)

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No. 708,95. VPatnud sept. 9, |902. l

E. H. sALLou.

LENG LOOM.

(Application led May 27, 1901.) v (N Model.) 7 Sheets-$heet 2.

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Nu. 708,95l.

EJH. .BALLOU.

LENG LOOM.

(Application led May 27, 1901.) mn Model.)

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, No. 7oa,95|.. l' 'Patented sept. o, 1902.

E. H. BALLUU'.

LENo Loom.

(Application filed May 27, 1901.)

(No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

WI NEESEE'.' INVENTR'.

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YNo. 708,95I. Patented Sept. 9, i902. E. H. BALLUU.

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(Application filed May 27, 1901.)

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No. 708,95l.

Patented Sept. 9, |902. E. H. BALLU. M

LENO LOOM.

(Application med my 2711901.)

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INVENTR (No M od'eL) v Patented Sept. 9, 19H32.,` E. H. BALLGU.

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f/mggv N N Ef UNITED STATES PATENT Enron.

EUGENE H. BALLOU, OF PAWTUCKET, RHODE ISLAND.

LENO-LOOIVI.

SPECIFICATION' forming part of Letters Patent No. 708,951, dated September 9, 1902.

Application filed May 27,1901. Serial No. 62,152. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.:

Beit known that 1, EUGENE H. BALLoU, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pawtucket, in the State of Rhode Island, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Leno-Looms, of which the followingis aspecification.

Heretofore in lenoweaving the warp-- threads to be crossed have been made to pass through a single dent in the reed and the crossing effected by means of doup and standard harnesses located back of the reed; but in carrying out my invention the warpthreads to be crossed are passed through several of the dents of the reed, and the cross ing of the` threads is effected by means of doup and standard harnesses located in front of the reed; and my invention consists in the employment of a doup and standard harness in front of an independent reed which is detachable from the lay, also in means for preventing the stopping of the loom by the action of the weft-fork when the loom is making the blank picks required for the proper weaving of the fabric, and also in improved details of construction, as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents the front elevation of a loom provided with my improvement. Fig. 2 represents an end view of the same. Fig. 3 represents a vertical section takenin the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents an enlarged detail view showing a front View of the doups when the loom is making the plain weave. Fig. 5 represents a section taken in the line 5 5 of Fig. 4, showing an edge view of the doups. Fig. 6 represents a detail view showing the protector-arm for preventing the stoppage of the loom when making the required blank picks. Fig. 7 represents a side view of the standard harness. Fig. 8 represents a transverse section of the drop-box of the loom. Fig. 9 represents an axial section taken in the line 9 9 of Fig. l to show the construction of the pulleys for operating the doup and standard harnesses. Fig. 10 represents a detail front view showing the doups when they are drawn up for making the required turn of the leno warp-threads. Fig. 1l represents a detail front View showing the doups when the turn of the warp-threads has been made. Fig. 12 represents a section taken in the line 12 12 of Fig. 10 showing the reed-beam in locked engagement with the lay-beam. Fig. 13 represents a section taken in the line 13 13 ot' Fig. 1l, showing the reed-beam unlocked from the lay-beam. Fig. 14 represents an enlarged View of metallic loops which form the bight of the doup. Fig. 15 represents an enlarged view of the eye portion of Vone of the heddles of the standard harness and the bight of the soft portion. Fig. 16 represents a section showing the reed and the connected standard and doup harnesses when disengaged from the lay-beam. Fig. 17 represents the Warp-thread crossing of the leno fabric.

In the drawings, A represents the iframe of the loom; B, the lay; C, the shuttle-race; D, a single shuttle-box at one end ot' the loom; E, a drop shuttle-box of four box members at the opposite end of the loom; F, the reed; G, the crank-shaft; H, the pitinan connecting the crank-shaft with the lay; I, the standard harness; J, the doup-harness, and K K the weaving-harnesses, which latter are operated, as usual,from the dobby L. ThereedFis made separable from the lay and supported for operation by means of the swords O O,which are pivoted upon the pivot-rod N of the lay, the said swords being actuated backwardly from contact with the lay-beam by means ofthe torsion-springs b b, held upon the pivot-rod, the backward movement of the said swords being checked by means of the flat buffersprings c c, attachedto the tie-beam dof the frame A. The reed F is held between the reedbeain M and the top rail M', and in front of the reed-beam and moving in suitable guideways ce, formed at theinner sides of the swords O O, is placed the standard harness I, and in front of the standard harness is placed the doup-harness J, also moving in the guideways e e, formed in the said swords. The doup and standard harnesses are hell at their elevated positions, as shown in Figs. 4. and 16, by means of the spiral springs a a', to which are attached the cords a2 a3, passing over the sheaves a4 a5, which IOO harnesses by contact with the lower edges of the harness-frames, the said rods being held and guided by means of suitable perforations made in the ears @c of the bracketf, through which the said rods pass and serve to impart upward movement to the said harnesses. The required downward movement of the doup y and standard harnesses is imparted by means of the straps h h', which are connected with the lower shafts of the said harnesses by means of the wire connections t' and t" and attached to the sheavesjj, respectively. The sheavej2 is connected with the sheave j and the sheave with the sheave j', as shown in Fig. 9, and from the said sheaves jzjs connection is made to the operating-levers n fn' of thedobby L by means of flexible connection It 7c', which pass over the sheaves l Z and m m to the said (lobby-levers. The reed F is secured to the lay to beat up the weft by means of the sliding catch-bolt o, (shown in Figs. 10 and 13,) secured to the back of the reed-beam M bymeans ofthe screws o o' and the slots o2 o2, the said catch-bolt being actuated in a forward direction for engagement with the perforations o3 in the catch-plate 04, attached to the lay-beam 0K5, by means of the spring o, the said catch-bolt being actuated for release from engagement with the said catch-plate by means of the cam projections 07, attached to the inner edge of the end bars of the standard harness, as shown in Fig. 7, whereby upon the downward movement of the said harness the reed will be released from the lay, the inclined end oA8 of the said cam projection engaging with the stud o9 of the catch-bolt to cause the disengagement, as shown in Fig. 13. The upper portion yw of the heddles of the standard harness I is made of wire, with the eyes p p formed by twisting the wire loop, as shown in Fig. 15, and in order to prevent injurious action upon the weft-threads at the beat-up ot' the lay I make the lower portion w of the heddle of soft cord, by means of which such injurious action will be prevented, and in order to prevent the injurious wear of the doup, which in its movement back and forth with the lay is in frictional engagement with the inclosed warpthreads, the holding-loop g is preferably made of metal and provided at its ends with eyes q q', to which the doup-harness cords q2 q2 are attached, one of the said cords being made to pass through the eye p and thel other through the eye p of the standard heddle,- as shown in Figs. el and 5. In operating the loom it is necessary to make blank picks or picks in which the shuttle is not. driven across the shuttlerace, and in this case it is necessary to provide arm of the bent lever r3 being made to pass loosely through a perforation made in the end of the arm fr of the shuttle-binder, the said arm r and bent lever r3 being so arranged that when the sh uttle is absent from the shut.- tle-box D at the beat of the lay the guardarm r5 will lie in close proximity to the back of the grid r6, as shown in Fig. 16, and engage with the weft-fork to prevent the action of the stop mechanism; but when the shuttle R is in the shuttle-box D the outward movement of the shuttle-binder will cause the outward movement of the guard-arm ri away from'the grid, thus allowing the weft-fork to act upon4 the weftthread,so as to stop the loom whenever the thread is missing. To the hand-rail S of the lay is attached the protector-rod s, which serves to hold the several doups of the doup-harness out of the path of the flying shuttle. Upon the cam-shaft G is placed the cam Gr2 which engages with the roller s' upon J D b the upper end of the arm s2, secured to the rock-shaft s3, held in the bearing-brackets S4 S4, and to the opposite ends of the shaft s3 are secured the arms S5 S5, from which connection is made with the shuttle guide -bar S6 by means of the connecting-rods s7 S7, the pins S8 of the shuttle guide-bar being projected upward with the shed to form a guide for the shuttle when the reed and the connected doup and standard harnesses are disengaged from the lay-beam and to protect the harnesses from the action of the shuttle when they are connected to the lay. The loom is provided at one end with a single shuttle-box D and at the opposite end with the drop shuttle-box E, which is shown as provided with four members t t2 t3 t, of which the box t2 is a blank into which the shuttle does not pass, the said box being provided with a projection t5, which represents a deflected shuttle-binder, in order that when the blank box t2 is brought in line with the shuttle-race to make the required blank picks of the loom in which the shuttle does not pass through the shed the protector or stop-rod t6 of the loom will not be operated. The lower box t4 is adapted for a shuttle carrying colored filling for weaving cross stripes or checks, and when this shuttle is not em-v ployed the proper arrangement of rollers u u2 11,3 uponv the pattern-chain T for operating the drop shuttle-box is shown in Fig. 2, the upper box t being in this case adapted for a shuttle R, which carries the ground filling, while-the box t3 is adapted for a shuttle R', carrying the coarse lling-thread required for binding the several warp-threadswhich are turned by the action of the dou ps. The mechanism for raising and lowering the drop shuttle-box is the same as that in common use, and therefore does not need particular description.

In the operation of the loom the doups are always down, as shown in Fig. 4, when mak- IOO ing the plain weave, and when making the cross-weave the doup-harness J is raised and carries the doups into the eyes p p ofthe standard heddlesw, as shown in Fig. l0. 'lhe doup and standard harnesses then both go down togetherto make the cross, as shown in Fig. ll, and at the same time the reedbealn M becomes unlocked from the lay-beam by the engagement of the cam projections 07, attached to the inner. edge of the end bars of `the standard harness I with the studs o9 of the catch-bolts o, and then the connected reed and the dou p and standard harnesses are carried back to their rearward position, as shown in Fig. 16, vby the action of the torsion-springs b b. Then the d rop shuttle-box is to be raised,

so as to bring the blank member lf2 of the shuttle-box in line with the shuttle-race, the ground-filling shuttle being then in the upper box t', as shown in Fig. S. Then two blank picks are to be made by the loom, the doup and standard harnesses land J being lowered by the action of the dobhy L during the time of making the second blank pick to cause the release of the reed and the connected doup and standard harnesses from the lay,

and then the drop shuttle-box is to be still further raised, sofas to bring the box Sin line with the shuttle-raceand two picks of the loom made with the coarse filling-r hread shuttle R'. Then the drop-box is to be lowered to again bring the blank shuttle-box member b2 in line with the shuttle-race and two blank picks made as before, the doup and standard harnesses I and .I being then raised by the action of the dobby L during the time of makdrop shuttle-box is to be lowered, so as to bring the upper box t in line with the shuttle-race, as shown in Fig. ll, and thereafter the plain weaving resumed with the groundlling shuttle R, and this operation repeated will result in the production of a fabric such as is represented in Fig. 17, the threads after passing through the dents of the reed being grouped together in the doups and crossed in the weaving. The warp-threads x, which are crossed by action of the doup and standard harnesses, are spooled upon the beam Q, and the warp threads which pass through the doups pass from the beam Q over the rod Qc' and around the `rod m2, the said rods being held together by opposite arms m3 :r3 to form a pendent frame, which is pivoted in the 4bearing-brackets .r4 m4, the said frame beingy provided with the projecting arm m5, from `which connection is made downwardly to the threads may be properly slackened by the action of the dobby,while their weaving tension will be preserved by the'action of the spring. l

Itis evident that my improvement may be adapted to a pick and pick-loom, and in that case it will not be necessary to make two blank picks, a single blank-'pick being sufcient for the proper weaving of the fabric, the said blank pick serving to provide room for beating up the cross of the leno warpthreads without causing the distortion of the fabric.

I claim as my inventionl. ln a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, with a reed detachable from the lay, and doup and standard harnesses held for operative movement in front of the reed, and means for imparting such movement.

2. In a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, with a reed detachable frornthe lay, and doup and standard harnesses, arranged for operation in front of the reed, and means for locking the combined reed and doup and standard harnesses to the lay, and for disengaging the same.

In a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, with a reed detachable from the lay, and doup and standard harnesses arranged for operation in front of the reed, means for lock-A ing the combined reed and doup and standard harnesses to the lay, and for disengaging the same, and the metallic loops by means of which the doups of the doup-harness are adapted to resist the wear caused by the forward and backward movement of the doupharness with the lay.

LL. In a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, with a reed detachable from the lay, and doup and standard harnesses, arranged for operation in front of the reed, and adapted to swing back and forth with the lay, means for locking the combined reed, and doulp and standard harnesses to the lay, and for disengaging the same,and the soft lower portion of the stan dard-harness heddles, whereby the heddles are made adapted for beating up the weft in front of the reed.

5. i In a leno-loom, the combinationV of the lay, with a reed detachable from the lay, and doup and standard harnesses arranged for operation in front of the reed, means for locking the combined reed, and doup and standard harnesses to the lay, and for disengaging the same, and the spring-buffers limiting the backward movement of the reed and the doup and standard harnesses.

6. In a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, with a reed detachable from the lay, and doup and standard harnesses arranged for operation in front of the reed, means for locking the combined reed, and doup and standard harnesses to the lay, and for disengaging the same, the shuttle guide-bar having guidepins attached thereto, and means for raising the pins of the shuttle guide-bar into the shed.

'7. In a leno-loom, the combination of the IOO IIO

lay, and a drop shuttle-box provided with a box for holding a ground-filling shuttle, and a box for holding a shuttlewhich carries the binding-thread for securing the crossed warp'- threads, and means attached to the drop shuttle-box to provide for the normal actuation of the lay upon the protector-rod, when the shuttle is not thrown through the shed at the crossing of the grouped warp-threads.

8. In a leno-loom, the combination of the lay, and a drop shuttle-box provided with a box for holding a ground-filling shuttle, a box for holding a shuttle carrying the bindingthread for the crossed warp-threads, and a blank shuttle-box member provided with a projection representing a deflected shuttlebinder.

9. In aleno-loom, the combination of a drop shuttle-box provided with a box for holding the grollnd-lling shuttle, a box for holding the shuttle carrying the binding-thread 'for the crossed warp-threads, a blank shuttlebox, and a projection which represents a delected shutt1ebinder,with the shuttle-binder of the shuttle-box at the opposite end of the lay, the weft-fork, the grid and the guardarm, arranged back of the grid, and connected with the shuttle-binder.

l0. In a leno-loom, the combination of the reed, and the standard and doup harnesses held for operation in front of the reed, with the lay, and the doup-protecting rod attached to the lay to prevent the engagement of the doups with the lying shuttle.

1l. In a leno-loom, the combination of the reed, and the standard and doup harnesses held for operation in front of the reed, with the lay, the shuttle guide-bar provided with the guide-pins, and means for raising the pins into the shed at each backward movement of the lay.

12. In a leno-loom, the combination of the reed, and the standard and doup harnesses held for operation in front of the reed, with the lay, the doup-protecting rod, attached to the lay to prevent the engagement of the doups with the flying shuttle, the shuttle guide-bar provided with the guide-pins, and means for raising the pins into the shed at each backward movement of Ithe lay.

13. In a 1eno-loom, the combination of the reed for beating up the weft, the doup and standard harnesses arranged in front of the reed for crossing action upon groups of threads in front of the reed, and means for imparting movement to the doup and standard harnesses to eect the required crossing of the groups of threads.

EUGENE H. BALLOU.

Witnesses:

SOCRATES SCHOLFIELD, JOHN WALKER 

